This article explores the different types of data that need protection, the common threats to data security, and the importance of data security regulations. It also provides details on essential data security measures and solutions to help businesses secure their data.
There aren’t many businesses around these days that don’t handle data. Even your local bakery likely takes card transactions, which means they’re handling your data when you pop out for a loaf of bread.
It’s not just down to big businesses to have their data security under control. Understanding data security fundamentals is key for any organisation that handles sensitive customer or employee information.
Data security is the practice of protecting sensitive information from unauthorised access, disclosure, alteration, or destruction. It's essential for compliance with regulations like HIPAA, GDPR, CCPA and NIST.
Data can easily be bought and sold on the web, so it’s a highly valuable asset for hackers. But whether the cyber threat comes from outside the business, or from negligent employees uploading data to the wrong places, ensuring data is secured should be a key part of any security strategy.
It’s imperative that any business handling data secures it to ensure:
When you’re considering the type of data you’ll need to protect, it’s worth mapping out the data you currently handle, and classifying it to understand how much protection each data type will need.
Types of data you should be considering include:
Once upon a time, threats to data came from a purely physical perspective like the risk of devices being stolen or accidentally left behind. However, threats now come from a wide range of places, both digital and physical, and there are new vulnerabilities emerging every day.
Let’s take a look at the different types of threats your data could be hit by:
As we just mentioned, the theft of devices can still pose a problem today, but data can also fall victim to natural disasters like floods or fires that can destroy infrastructure, resulting in the loss of important data.
Malware such as viruses or ransomware can put your data at risk of being infected or stolen, while hackers can use techniques such as phishing to trick your team into giving away sensitive data or allowing them access to your network.
Denial of service (DoS) attacks can also be detrimental to your data, overwhelming your networks so that you can no longer access the services you need, and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks allow hackers to intercept data while in transit.
Surprisingly, the greatest risk to losing data isn’t from hackers. In fact, 83% of data loss from SaaS apps is caused by well meaning, but negligent employees and only 11% is caused by hackers. The final 6% is the fault of malicious employees who are deliberately disrupting data to sabotage the business.
Insider threats can pose a danger to your business - whether intentional or not - as data can be shared in the wrong place or with the wrong people. For instance, customer email addresses could be shared in Slack by employees who are looking for the quickest way to get things done.
While you might not have a zero-trust strategy in place, you’ll certainly need adequate access controls set up so that unauthorised users cannot access sensitive data. Adopting this from day one can ensure that your sensitive documents are kept safe.
Having your cloud environment and SaaS apps set up correctly will also mean there’s less chance of data being leaked, although it’s a good idea to have Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) and Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) solutions in place to keep your data locked down.
Failure to update or patch software that you use can also leave systems vulnerable so this should never be neglected.
Further reading: SaaS Security: The 9 Most Common Issues & How to Prevent Them
GDPR applies to businesses handling personal data within the 27 member countries of the European Union. It was brought in to protect the privacy of individuals, and gives them the right to know how their data is used as well as the right to request their data be deleted.
If you are found to be in breach of these rules, you can face fines of up to €20 million or 4% of global annual revenue - whichever is higher.
Specific to California, CCPA ‘applies to for-profit businesses that do business in California’ and meet a certain set of criteria. Businesses outside California may need to comply with CCPA if they are working with California residents.
CCPA protects consumer privacy rights, and gives individuals a certain amount of control over their data.
As with most regulations, you can face fines and legal action if you’re found to be in breach of the rules.
If you’re a healthcare organisation operating in the US, you’ll need to be complying with HIPAA regulations, in order to protect patients’ Protected Health Information (PHI).
As patient data is passed from one insurance provider to another, it is imperative that sensitive data is protected. If it isn’t, you could be fined or face criminal charges.
PCI DSS compliance is applicable to organisations that handle credit or debit card transactions. It helps protect data so that fraudsters cannot take advantage of it.
As this was created by some of the biggest names in the card industry, most businesses will need to comply with it, and protect cardholder data. If you don’t, you could be facing fines, lawsuits, and you may not be able to process cards in the future, limiting your ability to take payments.
If your data should be leaked or breached, there can be massive repercussions for the business, but there can also be implications for individuals too.
Businesses may face financial losses from legal costs, regulatory fines, and disruptions to operations that can spell disaster for organisations who aren’t prepared for a data breach. As well as the financial impact, the brand’s reputation can also take a dramatic hit as customers and partners lose loyalty to the company.
Important data can be permanently destroyed too, leaving businesses without the data they need to function effectively. And, if your trade secrets are released to the world, there’s no stopping your competitors getting their hands on your plans.
Ben van Enckevort, CTO at Metomic at Metomic, says,
“The regulations you’ll need to abide by will be specific to your location and industry. You’ll need to be aware of any regulations that could affect you as you have a legal obligation to uphold them, as well as a moral obligation to your customers. If you fail to comply, you can be fined and legal action may be taken against you. However, it’s not only the financial consequences that can be crippling. The reputational damage can last a lot longer, and customers may choose to take their business elsewhere, if they lose trust in you.”
Your organisation may also suffer from a decreased market value, and your operations may have to be paused while an investigation takes place. All of this can be difficult to navigate for any business, but smaller businesses can particularly feel the effects.
Individuals who have their data leaked or stolen can be victims of identity theft, losing money in the process, and taking on much emotional distress.
Individuals who are in charge of security may also face consequences from the organisation itself, and will need to co-operate fully with any investigations in order to prevent any further legal repercussions.
It’s always best to take a proactive approach to data protection, and put measures in place before anything goes wrong.
Make sure you have all the following in place, to ensure your data is protected:
Data security solutions are vital, particularly for teams who have limited resources, and need support from automated tools. Not only do they help organisations protect against data breaches that can result in financial or reputational losses, they can help to preserve individuals’ privacy rights too.
From a financial perspective, data security solutions can help prevent losses through various factors including theft, fraud, and the costs associated with mitigating the aftermath of a data breach.
Having a robust data security solution in place also maintains trust and reputation with clients, partners, and stakeholders, which is crucial for long-term success.
You can’t protect what you can’t see. Sensitive data, such as PII, may be stored in SaaS applications such as Slack and Google Drive, but without the visibility the company requires, the necessary protections cannot be put in place.
Sensitive data discovery tools help security teams map out their sensitive data, categorising it so that organisations understand the types of data they are storing. Having this in place also helps businesses to comply with data protection regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA.
Giving employees access to every document across the business undoubtedly increases the risk of a data leak or breach occurring. Access controls allow organisations to place restrictions on who can view sensitive data based on their job roles, seniority or other factors.
Employing a zero-trust strategy may be the right approach for some businesses, while others will find this too restrictive. Implementing access controls can help find a good balance between protecting sensitive data, revoking access from those who do not require it, and reducing the risk of unauthorised data exposure.
DLP is a key aspect of any data security strategy. Monitoring an organisation’s environment to prevent accidental or intentional data leaks, DLP tools safeguard sensitive data in transit, and at rest.
It can help businesses identify data risks, and put the right protections in place to prevent sensitive data like customer information, company secrets, or Intellectual Property (IP) being leaked or breached.
As companies work more with cloud-based solutions, security teams lose the control they once had on the perimeter of their network. Therefore, it’s essential that employees are also aware of the risks they may be creating within SaaS applications.
Employee awareness programs can help educate staff on data security best practices, helping to build a Human Firewall that is security-conscious, and aware of the risks they could create. Bridging the gap between the security team and the rest of the workforce can be instrumental in protecting sensitive data.
Insider threats are often deemed to have malicious motivations, but many insider threats are actually the result of negligent employees who may not realise they’re sharing sensitive data in the wrong places.
Insider threat solutions can help detect and prevent this happening, by alerting security teams to anomalous behaviour from employees, contractors, or business partners, so they can address any problems swiftly and prevent any issues before they escalate.
Antivirus software is vital for any organisation as it is designed to detect and protect against malicious software (malware) that can harm important systems. Real-time scanning ensures that threats are addressed as soon as possible and prevents the spread of infections across the organisation’s infrastructure.
Antivirus software scans files and programs, seeking patterns of malicious code that could threaten the integrity of data stored within your systems.
Failing to back up your data can have serious consequences if your systems were compromised; the data may become corrupted, altered, or completely lost.
A data security solution can provide backup support to keep copies of data and safeguard against data loss, in the event of accidental deletion, system failures, or cyberattacks, ensuring minimal business disruption if your original data was damaged.
Data encryption is a vital part of data security. Converting readable data into an unreadable format, it safeguards sensitive information from unauthorised access.
If a malicious actor were to access your data, encryption ensures that prying eyes won’t be able to read it unless they are in possession of the correct decryption key. Encryption keeps information confidential in transit and at rest.
Some data protection regulations require organisations to encrypt their data in order to remain compliant.
SIEM systems are used to collect security event data from various sources across the business to identify incidents and analyse them to understand how events unfolded.
By providing a centralised view of security events across the organisation, SIEM tools can help security teams uncover vulnerabilities and respond to incidents in real-time. Depending on the industry and geographical location of the organisation, a SIEM system might be needed to support compliance reporting.
DSPM is a requirement for any security team that is looking to take an holistic approach to data security. It helps security teams manage and enforce data security policies across the organisation, providing centralised control over data security measures such as access controls, encryption, and data discovery.
Streamlining data security management, DSPM tools can improve visibility and control over data protection measures.
Whereas data security used to centre around the perimeter of an organisation’s network, the implementation of the cloud and the profilteration of SaaS applications in the last few years, means that there are evolving challenges to keep on top of as a security professional.
Accessed from anywhere in the world, cloud platforms have helped businesses employ teams globally but with so much sensitive data held in insecure SaaS apps like Slack, or Google Drive, businesses run the very real risk of data being leaked or breached.
The rise of AI tools, such as Chat GPT, also presents a new security risk as employees can regularly use it to check sensitive data such as source code, unaware of the dangers of sharing this with a Large Language Model (LLM), for instance.
As cyber attacks become more sophisticated, the danger of losing data only increases, making the requirement for Data Security Posture Management (DSPM) tools even greater.
Metomic is a human-centric data security solution, helping businesses to protect sensitive data across their entire SaaS stack.
Integrating instantly with apps such as Slack, Jira, and ChatGPT, Metomic gives security professionals peace of mind, without getting in the way of employees doing their jobs.
Ready to take the next step towards enhanced data security for your organisation? Book your personalised demo with our security experts and discover how Metomic can help.